What the big difference between it and other AC input chargers?
The hurdles for increasing AC charge rate above the rated specifications given by Harley are going to be both software and hardware related.
There is no reason the electrical: HV wires, fuses and circuit board components of the AC system would be designed to carry more current than what the stock charger can provide. Parts rated to carry more current cost more money.
If you were able to upgrade/redesign all the parts to carry more amperage. The next step would to modify the software to allow communication between the bikes vehicle control unit and the new larger charger along with increasing the max current it can request.
Anything is possible but it would be a monumental project.
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Another option would be to mount a external DC fast charger (like the 10kWh Setec unit) on the bike. This could be powered by a J1772 AC charger. Then all you would need to do is plug the CCS from the Setec into the bike.